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Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. It is usually regarded as being distinct from the general term fortress in that it describes a building which serves as a residence and commands a specific territory.
Despite this, "castle" sometimes denotes a citadel (such as the castles of Badajoz and Burgos) or small detached forts d'arrêt in modern times and, traditionally, in Britain it has also been used to refer to prehistoric earthworks (e.g. Maiden Castle).
Definition
Castle comes from the Latin word castellum meaning "fortress". This is a diminutive of the word castrum, which means "fortified place". The word "castle" (castel) was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to denote this new type of fortress, then new to England, brought in by the Norman knights. In Spain, a fortified dwelling on a height for the administering authority retains its Moorish name of alcázar, whilst shiro also figure prominently in Japanese history, where the feudal daimyo inhabited them.
A French castle is a château-fort, for in French a simple chateau connotes a grand country house at the center of an estate. When European castles were opened up and expanded into pleasure dwellings and power houses from the late 15th century, their "castle" designations, relics of the feudal age, often remained attached to the dwelling, resulting in many un-castlelike castles and châteaux.
In Germany there are two names for what would be called a castle in English, Burg and Schloss. A Burg is a medieval structure of military significance, while a Schloss was built after the Middle Ages as a palace and not for defensive purposes. However, these are not usually palaces in the French style, but instead are styled on medieval mountain castles and fairytale notions, and from all appearances are often castles to an English speaker.
Caer is the Welsh term for a fort or a castle, seen in the place names Caernarfon and Caerphilly. Irish dún and Scots Gaelic dùn are used to refer to early forts (see dun), although Scots Gaelic uses the term caisteal for a castle.
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Balmoral Castle, Scotland
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Lodging in a Castle @
Palaces @
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Neuschwanstein Castle (Bavaria, Germany ) - Build for: Ludwig II of Bavaria (1869)
Palace of Versailles (Ile-de-France, France ) - Build for: Louis XIII (XVII century)
Chateau de Chenonceau (Indre-et-Loire, France ) - Build for: Francis I of France (XVI century)
Chateau de Chambord (Loir-et-Cher, France ) - Build for: François I of France (XVI century)
Linderhof Palace (Bavaria, Germany ) - Build for: Ludwig II of Bavaria (1874)
Leeds Castle (Kent, England) - Build for: Henry I (1119)
Chateau de Blois (Loir-et-Cher, France ) - Build for: Louis XII (XIV century)
Nymphenburg Palace (Bavaria, Germany ) - Build for: Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (1664)
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